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Victory Day – rift among former USSR nations
Published: 08 May, 2010, 07:34
Edited: 10 May, 2010, 10:07
TAGS: Military, Russia, Ukraine, Politics, Baltic states, History
Countries around the world are commemorating Victory Day, but it seems those who once fought side by side are now fighting each other. Post–Soviet nations are torn apart over the views on victory and Nazi occupation.
When the war veteran Pyotr Zubrik from Lithuania’s capital Vilnius leaves home on May 9, he will have to wear a coat. That is despite the promise of sunny weather.
“I have to cover my war medals. Because I am afraid I might get attacked,” he told RT. “Once a teenager came up to me and hit me on the face, bruising my eye.”
Pyotr fails to understand why, in a country he once liberated from the Nazis, his war medals are classified as Soviet symbols, which he is prohibited from wearing. Unlike Moscow and other capitals of the post-Soviet countries, Vilnius will not see a colorful military parade on Victory day.
“I respect veterans, but I do not think this day should be marked with parades. There are many other ways to celebrate it, like putting candles at the cemetery,” said speaker of Lithuanian parliament Irene Dyagutene.
It is only this year the authorities allowed veterans to walk through the capital’s central street to a local cemetery to lay wreaths. Before that, all marches had been banned.
The go-ahead for this march is the result of long-running protests by local veterans’ communities and such rifts are common among other Baltic states.
During the Nazi invasion, parts of their population collaborated with the Germans. Now they do not regard May 9 as a day to celebrate.
The same goes for Ukraine – one of the biggest victims of Hitler’s conquest. Here, the perception of the past is still making huge waves in society.
A monument with an eternal flame was built in Kiev’s Park of Glory to honor hundreds of thousands of Soviet soldiers who gave their lives for the liberation of Ukraine. However, nowadays one of the Ukraine capital’s most picturesque areas received yet another obelisk – quite opposite in its ideology. Just a stone throw away stands a statue of an ever-burning candle to commemorate those who died in the 1930’s famine in the Soviet Union.
One monument glorifies Soviet power, the other indirectly accuses it. The candle was put here by former president Yushchenko, who insisted that the disastrous famine, which took place all across the USSR, was genocide against Ukrainians orchestrated by the Kremlin.
However, it is not that stance which became the largest insult for many. It was his decision to award leaders of the insurgent UPA movement, Roman Shukhevich and Stepan Bandera, with the Hero of Ukraine title.
“There were cases when UPA troops killed doctors and teachers, which Moscow sent to re-build western Ukraine. They blew up trains which took Red Army soldiers home from liberated Europe,” said a chairman of Kiev’s Veteran Fund, Viktor Malevanny. “But now these fascists are being glorified. This is a humiliation for all Red Army veterans and of what they fought for.”
The UPA army was initially formed to fight off the Nazi invasion, but later switched sides and collaborated with the Germans against the Red Army.
Bandera’s associates are believed to have been responsible for the deaths of thousands of Russians and Jews in western Ukraine. Sometimes – in a brutal manner.
“We had a guy – a forester, we knew his wife had contacts with Soviets. We apprehended him and wrote on his chest ‘For the betrayal of Ukrainian people’. It was his sentence and that was it, we hung him,” UPA veteran Ivan Ondryushko remembers.
During his election campaign, Viktor Yanukovich pledged to review Yushchenko’s decisions and possibly abolish them. However, now Ukraine’s leader has backed down – according to some experts, so as not to irritate part of the country’s population.
However, while Ukraine and some other parts of the former Soviet Union are riven by ideology, for those who lived through the horrors of war, May 9 will again be a vital day of commemoration.
08.05.2010, 06:44
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08.05.2010, 08:58
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Battle of Kursk – a turning point of WWIIThe Russian town of Prokhorovka, in the south of Russia, is where a crucial battle of the Kursk defense took place in 1943. This fiercest of tank clashes switched the momentum on the Eastern Front to the Soviets. |
One despairs of Russian journalism ever giving a true picture of the Baltics. As per this example: “During the Nazi invasion, parts of their population collaborated with the Germans. Now they do not regard May 9 as a day to celebrate.” Firstly, Germans were illegitimate foreign aggressors, invaders and occupiers of the Baltics just as were the Soviets. Russian media never speaks of Baltic people “collaborating” with the Soviets, only with the Germans, thus suggesting that there was something legitimate in Stalin’s conquest of those countries; there was not. Hardly anyone agreed with or fought for either German or Soviet war aims, as victory by either would mean the continued occupation of the Baltics. However, towards the latter part of the war some people fought within the German military (there were no Baltic armed forces, as Moscow had already dismantled and destroyed those) to try to prevent Stalinist terror from returning to their countries, just as later, when the Soviet occupation was firmly re-established, many worked within its structures, as refusal meant arrest, imprisonment and deportation, or at the very least, exclusions from standard housing, employment and education opportunities. Neither action involved “collaboration” – ie, the betrayal of one’s homeland in favour of a foreign invader. Each was a necessary attempt to survive in extreme circumstances of foreign aggression. The article misleads when it states, “Now they do not regard May 9 as a day to celebrate.” The Baltics NEVER regarded that day as a reason for celebration. One of their oppressors and tormentors won a victory over another of their oppressors and tormentors; the Baltics won nothing, the occupation of their countries remained firmly in place, and the darkest night of Stalinist terror, exceeding the Soviet horrors they had already experienced in 1940-41 lay yet ahead. Exactly what was there to celebrate? For the Baltics, WW2 ended only in 1991.
German mobilization of manpower in Lithuania for military purposes failed miserably. The local population did not support it, and Lithuanian military leaders were arrested by the Nazis when they refused to send volunteers outside of Lithuania's borders for the war effort. Of course, we cannot overlook the role of Lithuanian police batallions that worked with the SS to exterminate Jews in Belarus. However, at least three major failures by the Germans in Lithuania to conscript labor drafts resulted in reprisals against Lithuanian officers and some incumbent General Counselors who sought to blunt the German occupation. The Nazis detested the underground Lithuanian sabotage to military mobilizations such that Lithuanians were judged unworthy to form an SS Batallion. I have read in the literature that the Nazis marked the Lithuanians third for destruction due to their lack of cooperation, if the war had gone Berlin's way! I do think that if the USSR had not prevailed in 1945, Lithuania proper could have been denationalized as did occur to the native Lithuanians in East Prussia (Lithuania Minor) during the 17th-19th centuries. Yes, World War Two really did end for the Baltic States in 1991. However, I think Tallinn, Riga and Vilnius should reassess the real value of NATO membership and turn to closer cooperation with Moscow for their long term economic and foreign interests. I suspect that a thaw in Eastern European fear of Moscow is occurring since the Polish catastrophe outside Smolensk in April 2010 to commemorate the Katyn Forest Massacre.